Tuesday night into Wednesday saw the worst exchange of strikes between the U.S. and Iran since the deal - known as a memorandum of understanding - was signed on 17 June.

Iran commemorated the anniversary of Khamenei's death with week-long funeral and mourning ceremonies in five cities across Iran and Iraq, with millions of mourners participating.

Iran’s post-ceasefire negotiations exposed intense internal power struggles between the hardline Paydari Front and state institutions over foreign policy direction, triggering political, media, and public confrontations over authority and control.

UAE–Pakistan relations are entering a grey zone driven by financial pressure, deportations, and shifting regional alignments, as Abu Dhabi deepens defense and economic ties with India while Pakistan strengthens security ties with Saudi Arabia and balances between Gulf states and Iran.

Trump’s U.S.-Iran agreement includes sanctions relief and a ceasefire framework, but faces uncertainty over its durability and concerns that it could strengthen Iran’s regional influence.